Industrial policy succeeds between the pillars, not inside them.
The value of separately funded industrial programmes depends on whether their outputs reach the next productive activity—and who is accountable when that transfer fails.
Read analysisProposition & boundary
The principle
The analysis below sets out the evidence and its limits.
Governing proposition
Industrial policy succeeds between the pillars, not inside them.
A principle examined through industrial handovers and accountability.
All Doctrines
7 worksA Tariff Preference Must Survive the Sale
Preferential market access creates commercial value only when an eligible shipment obtains the concession and the resulting advantage survives the costs and terms of the transaction.
Read analysisA Technology Licence Is Worth What It Can Legally Deliver
A promised production process becomes an industrial asset only when the buyer can lawfully receive, operate and improve it.
Read analysisStandards Influence Must Survive the Next Revision
Industrial influence over a standard is demonstrated by the ability to help shape and defend its technical requirements, not merely by membership in the committee that writes them.
Read analysisA Nation's Export Reputation Has to Survive the Shipment
A national reputation attracts attention; the buyer's verifiable experience determines whether a supplier earns the next contract.
Read analysisStorage Life Is Not Service Life
The economic life of an energy-storage asset must be judged against the duty its contract requires, not its nameplate capacity or nominal battery lifetime alone.
Read analysisA Simulation Must Prove Its Boundary
A digital model reduces industrial commissioning risk only to the extent that its assumptions, interfaces and failure conditions have been tested against the factory it is intended to represent.
Read analysis